Buy oak skirting boards in St. Petersburg: a premium solution for an elegant interior of the northern capital

In the architectural diversity of St. Petersburg, where every interior detail carries a unique semantic load,Oak skirting board in SPB for saleit becomes a conscious choice of true connoisseurs of quality and beauty. The northern capital, with its unique climate, rich cultural traditions, and discerning residents, demands a special approach to selecting finishing materials capable of enduring the test of time and highlighting the owner's status.

It means an investment in the future — in beauty that will not lose its relevance for decades, in quality proven by centuries of use, in prestige that will highlight the owner’s impeccable taste. Each plank of natural solid oak carries a unique story of the tree’s growth, an irreplaceable texture and character that cannot be reproduced artificially.

SolutionOak skirting board in SPB for saleDiamond-coated carbide tools allow achieving a perfectly smooth surface without chips or scratches, typical when processing hardwoods. Regular tool sharpening and replacement ensure consistent processing quality throughout the entire production cycle.

Carved casing NL-1

from 38.62 $

Carved casing NL-3

from 45.53 $

Carved casing NL-4

from 41.95 $

Carved casing NL-5

from 31.46 $

Carved Door Trim NL-6

from 52.31 $

Carved window casing NL-7

from 56.14 $

Carved casing NL-8

from 90.19 $

Carved casing NL-13

from 48.86 $

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Oak Heritage in the Architecture of St. Petersburg

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Historical Continuity and Modern Trends

St. Petersburg has always been a city where oak held a special place in interior design. The palace halls of the Hermitage and the Russian Museum, private mansions along the Moyka and Fontanka rivers demonstrate unparalleled craftsmanship in working with this noble material. Modern oak skirting boards continue these traditions, adapting century-old technologies to meet today’s requirements.

In St. Petersburg’s historical interiors, oak always symbolized reliability, longevity, and aristocratic taste. These qualities remain relevant today, as residents strive to create in their homes an atmosphere reflecting the cultural code of the northern capital.Oak skirting board in SPB for saleIt means touching this heritage, becoming part of the great tradition of St. Petersburg’s interior art.

Modern technologies allow achieving a level of oak processing quality that surpasses even the craftsmanship of past centuries. Precise humidity calibration, precision surface treatment, innovative protective coatings — all this ensures that 21st-century oak skirting boards have exceptional performance characteristics while preserving traditional aesthetics.

Our factory also produces:

Wooden molding / casing MLD-008

from 17.52 $

Carved casing NL-14

from 41.33 $

Carved casing NL-16

from 52.44 $

Wooden Molding / Baseboard MLD-023

from 121.65 $

Wooden Molding / Baseboard MLD-029

from 12.71 $

Wooden Molding / Baseboard MLD-033

from 10.24 $

Wooden Molding / Trim MLD-031

from 10.49 $

Skirting Board / Door Architrave PLT-004

from 25.29 $

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Climate-Specific Features and Their Impact on Material Selection

The St. Petersburg climate imposes special requirements on finishing materials. High air humidity, reaching 85-90% during autumn-winter, frequent fogs, sharp temperature fluctuations — all these factors create serious challenges for less quality materials. Oak, however, demonstrates remarkable resistance to such influences.

The density of oak wood, 750-900 kg/m³, ensures minimal hygroscopicity, which is critically important under high humidity conditions. The wood structure, with clearly defined annual rings and medullary rays, creates a natural system for compensating moisture stresses, preventing deformation of finished products.

Oak’s natural antiseptic properties, due to its high tannin content, prevent mold and fungal growth. This is especially relevant for rooms with limited ventilation, typical of St. Petersburg’s historic architecture, where every square centimeter of space is valuable.

Anatomy of perfection: unique properties of oak wood

Structural characteristics and mechanical properties

What makes oak such a special material for making door casings? The answer lies in the unique anatomical structure of this wood species. Oak’s annual rings are characterized by clear definition and significant contrast between early and late wood, creating not only a distinctive decorative effect but also ensuring high mechanical strength.

Late wood, formed toward the end of the growing season, has a density exceeding 1000 kg/m³, significantly higher than average values for most tree species. This dense structure provides exceptional bending strength — the strength limit is 95-105 MPa, which is several times higher than similar values for coniferous species.

Medullary rays perform a natural reinforcement function, penetrating the wood from the pith to the bark. These radial formations not only create a unique play of light and shadow on the surface but also ensure dimensional stability of the product. The linear expansion coefficient of oak across the grain is only 4-6×10⁻⁶ 1/°C, guaranteeing the preservation of casing geometry under temperature fluctuations.

Chemical Composition and Natural Protection

The chemical composition of oak wood deserves special attention when considering its suitability for St. Petersburg conditions. Tannins — natural preservatives, making up 8-20% of the dry wood mass — provide natural protection against biological influences. These polyphenolic compounds create an unfavorable environment for fungal growth, mold, and insect pests.

Oak's extractives not only serve protective functions but also contribute to the formation of its characteristic aroma and noble patina that develops over time. Under the variable Petersburg climate, these compounds contribute to the natural preservation of wood and enhance its aesthetic qualities with age.

Lignin, forming the basis of wood cell walls, has an especially strong and stable structure in oak. This ensures high resistance to moisture deformation and mechanical impacts, which is critically important for casings subjected to constant loads during door operation.

Age-related characteristics and raw material quality

The age of the tree significantly affects the quality of wood obtained for making door casings. Young oak, aged 30-50 years, has a wide, light-colored sapwood and less dense structure, making it less suitable for producing high-quality products. Such wood is more prone to deformation and has reduced resistance to biological influences.

Oak aged 80-150 years is considered optimal for producing door casings, as the wood reaches maximum density and strength. At this age, the tree has minimal sapwood, high content of protective substances, and stable fiber structure. Such material ensures the production of premium-quality products with exceptional performance characteristics.

Oak over 200 years old represents special value due to its unique texture and deep wood color. However, its harvesting is limited by ecological considerations, and products made from such material are classified as collectible, used for exclusive projects.

Technical specifications and size range

Standard sizes for the St. Petersburg market

The St. Petersburg market for finishing materials has its own characteristics, determined by the city’s architectural traditions and the features of various types of residential stock. Ceiling heights in Stalinist buildings, pre-revolutionary mansions, and modern constructions vary significantly, requiring a corresponding variety of casing sizes.

Oak casing widths vary from 60 to 200 mm, with 80-120 mm being the most popular for St. Petersburg interiors. Narrow casings 60-80 mm are suitable for small rooms and modern interiors, where minimalist lines are important. Medium sizes 90-110 mm represent a universal solution for most room types.

Wide casings 120-200 mm create a solid frame around door openings and emphasize the interior’s status. They are especially appropriate in rooms with high ceilings, where narrow strips may disappear into the space. The choice of casing width should correspond to the room’s proportions and overall interior scale.

The thickness of the strips ranges from 14 to 25 mm depending on construction features and aesthetic requirements. Standard thickness 16-18 mm provides an optimal balance of strength, weight, and cost. Thicker casings 20-25 mm create a sense of monumentality and are used in prestigious interiors.

Profile solutions for various styles

The variety of architectural styles present in St. Petersburg requires a corresponding diversity of profile solutions for oak casings. From strict classicism to modern minimalism — each style imposes its own requirements on shape, proportions, and decorative elements.

A classic profile with moldings, grooves, and bevels is ideal for interiors in the St. Petersburg Empire and classical styles. Such casings create a rich play of light and shadow, emphasizing the grandeur and formality of the setting. Complex multi-step profiles require high craftsmanship and significantly increase the cost of the products.

A simple rectangular profile with a bevel represents a universal solution suitable for various interior styles. Clear geometric lines highlight the architectural expressiveness of modern spaces, while the natural beauty of oak texture provides necessary decoration without excessive detailing.

Custom profiles are developed individually for specific projects and may include the most complex geometric forms. Modern 3D milling technologies allow realizing any design ideas, creating unique solutions for exclusive interiors.

Tolerances and manufacturing accuracy

High quality standards traditionally accepted in St. Petersburg require corresponding precision in manufacturing oak casings. Tolerances for linear dimensions are ±0.3 mm for length and ±0.15 mm for cross-sections. This precision is achieved using high-precision CNC equipment.

The curvature of finished products should not exceed 1.5 mm per linear meter of length. This parameter is especially important for long elements used in rooms with high ceilings. Geometric control is performed using specialized measuring instruments at every stage of the manufacturing process.

Surface quality must meet the highest class of surface finish cleanliness. Absence of scratches, fiber tears, burns, and other defects guarantees ideal surface preparation for any type of finish. Sanding is performed using abrasives with gradually decreasing grit from P120 to P320.

Technologies for producing premium casings

Log Preparation and Primary Raw Material Processing

Production of high-quality oak casings begins with proper preparation of the raw material. Trees should be felled during winter dormancy, when sap movement is minimal and moisture content in the wood is at its lowest level. This ensures better subsequent drying quality and reduces the risk of internal stresses.

Selection of timber is performed with great care. For manufacturingOak skirting board in SPB for saleonly healthy wood without knots, cracks, blue stain, insect damage, and other defects is used. The direction of the grain must be strictly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the log to ensure maximum strength of the finished product.

Primary processing includes cutting logs into boards of required dimensions, taking into account shrinkage and mechanical processing allowances. End faces of boards are immediately treated with special compounds to prevent cracking during drying. Each piece is marked with the date of felling, location of tree growth, and main characteristics.

Drying and stabilization of oak wood is the most critical stage of the production process, requiring strict adherence to technological regimes. The process is carried out in special drying chambers with forced air circulation for 35-45 days depending on the initial moisture content and thickness of the material.

Temperature regime is maintained within the range of 45-65°C with gradual increase as the wood moisture decreases. Relative humidity in the chamber varies from 85% at the initial stage to 35% at the end of the process. Such a gradual regime prevents the formation of internal stresses and surface cracks.

Final moisture content of the wood should be 8-10% with deviation not exceeding ±1% throughout the entire volume of the material. Control is performed using electronic moisture meters at several points on each piece. After drying, the wood is stored under normal conditions for 2-3 weeks to stabilize internal stresses.

Modern production of oak casings uses high-tech equipment capable of ensuring ideal processing accuracy and high surface quality. CNC routers allow creating profiles of any complexity with minimal tolerances.

High-Precision Mechanical Processing

Profile processing is carried out in several passes with gradual approach to final dimensions. This approach prevents overheating of the wood and ensures high surface quality. Feed rate and tool rotation speed are individually adjusted for each profile type, taking into account the hardness of the specific batch of wood.

Special carbide tools with diamond coating allow achieving a perfectly smooth surface without chips or scratches typical for processing hardwoods. Regular tool adjustment and replacement ensure consistent processing quality throughout the entire production cycle.

Special carbide tools with diamond coating enable achieving a perfectly smooth surface without the chips and tears typical when machining hard wood species. Regular sharpening and tool replacement ensure consistent processing quality throughout the entire production cycle.

Installation and mounting under Petersburg conditions

Climate requirements for installation

Features of St. Petersburg's climate impose certain restrictions on the timing and technology of installing oak casings. High air humidity, especially during the period of white nights and autumn mists, requires special attention to foundation preparation and adherence to technological pauses between operations.

Optimal conditions for installing casings — air temperature 18-22°C and relative humidity not exceeding 60%. Installation under high humidity may cause wood swelling and distortion of the finished structure. During winter, special attention is paid to maintaining a stable temperature regime in the room.

Foundation preparation and mounting technology

Foundation preparation and mounting technology

Quality installationOak skirting board in SPB for saleThe process begins with careful preparation of the working surface. Walls in the installation zone must be leveled to within 2 mm over the length of the element, cleaned of dust, grease stains, and other contaminants.

Foundation moisture is controlled using electronic moisture meters and must not exceed 12%. In old St. Petersburg homes, especially in basements and ground floors, high wall moisture can become a serious problem. Additional hydro-isolation is performed on problematic areas if necessary.

Door frames must be rigidly fixed and level in all planes. Any movement of the frame after installing casings will result in compromised joint tightness and gaps. Inspection is performed using a construction level of at least 1000 mm in several points around the opening perimeter.

Oak casings require special finish nails made of stainless steel, 50-60 mm long and 1.2-1.5 mm in diameter. Pre-drilling guide holes is mandatory due to the high density of oak wood. Hole diameter should be 0.2-0.3 mm smaller than the fastener diameter.

Joint and seam treatment

Corner joints of casings require special precision in manufacturing and installation. 45-degree angled joints are made using a high-precision circular saw with a fine-toothed disc specifically designed for processing hardwoods. The cut quality must be flawless, as oak does not tolerate carelessness.

Joint areas are treated with water-resistant carpentry glue (PVA) or polyurethane compound to ensure additional strength and seal integrity. In St. Petersburg’s variable humidity conditions, this is especially important to prevent joint separation due to seasonal wood expansion and contraction.

Final joint finishing includes meticulous sanding of joints with fine-grit sandpaper P220-P320 until the surface is fully leveled. Nail heads are recessed 1-2 mm below the surface and masked with special wood putty matched to the material’s tone.

Protective coatings for St. Petersburg climate

Features of selecting protective coatings

Climate conditions in St. Petersburg impose higher requirements on protective coatings for oak casings. High air humidity for most of the year, sharp temperature fluctuations, limited sunny days create specific operating conditions requiring careful selection of protective coatings.

Coatings must provide reliable protection against moisture, prevent microbial growth, maintain elasticity under temperature deformation, and preserve the aesthetic qualities of the wood. Special attention is given to the breathability of coatings, allowing the wood to regulate moisture exchange with the surrounding environment.

Selection of specific coating types depends on operating conditions, interior stylistic requirements, and the owner’s personal preferences. The modern market offers a wide range of coatings, each with its own advantages and specific applications in St. Petersburg conditions.

Oil-based coatings for natural protection

Oil-based coatings represent an ideal solution for oak casings in St. Petersburg’s climate. These coatings deeply penetrate the wood structure without forming a surface film, ensuring natural moisture regulation and preventing coating cracking.

Modern oil-based coatings contain special additives enhancing their water resistance and bioprotective properties. Waxes and paraffins create a water-repellent effect without hindering wood gas exchange. Antiseptic components prevent mold and mildew growth, which is especially important in St. Petersburg’s humid climate.

The advantage of oil-based coatings lies in their ease of renewal and repair. When local damage or wear occurs, simply apply a new layer of oil without prior surface preparation. This significantly reduces maintenance costs and simplifies care for casings.

The disadvantage of oil-based coatings is the need for more frequent renewal compared to film-forming coatings. Under intensive use, renewal may be required every 2-3 years. However, the simplicity of this procedure compensates for this drawback.

High-strength lacquer systems

Lacquer coatings provide maximum protection for oak casings against external influences. Modern polyurethane and acrylic-polyurethane lacquers create a strong, flexible film resistant to abrasion, moisture, contamination, and chemical exposure.

For St. Petersburg conditions, lacquers with increased elasticity are especially important, capable of compensating for minor wood deformations caused by changes in humidity and temperature. Rigid coatings may crack due to seasonal wood movement, leading to loss of protective properties.

Two-component polyurethane lacquers provide the highest coating strength and durability. They can withstand intensive mechanical impacts and maintain protective properties for 7-10 years. However, such compositions require professional application and strict adherence to technology.

The gloss level of the lacquer coating is selected based on interior stylistic requirements. Glossy coatings emphasize the luxury and grandeur of classical interiors, while matte finishes create a sense of naturalness and are suitable for modern styles.

Stylistic solutions for St. Petersburg interiors

Classic St. Petersburg style

Classical interiors in St. Petersburg require a corresponding approach to selecting and finishing oak casings. Wide, ornamental profiles with elegant curves, moldings, and decorative elements emphasize the grandeur and ceremonial character typical of palace interiors in the city on the Neva.

In classical execution, oak casings are often complemented by hand-carved elements. Grooves, ovals, acanthus leaves, and other traditional motifs are executed with jewel-like precision, highlighting the craftsman's skill and creating a rich play of light and shadow on the surface.

The color solution for classical casings tends toward rich, noble oak tones. Dark stains in walnut, redwood, or ebony black emphasize the solidity and prestige of the interior. Glossy coatings enhance the grandeur and create a sense of palace luxury.

In classical interiors, special attention is given to the stylistic unity of all elements. Oak casings must harmonize with baseboards, cornices, and furniture facades, creating a cohesive architectural composition. This approach is characteristic of the best examples of St. Petersburg interior culture.

Modern interpretation of traditions

Modern St. Petersburg interiors often represent a creative reinterpretation of classical traditions, taking into account the requirements of today.Oak skirting board in SPB for saleIn modern execution, they maintain a connection with historical heritage but adapt forms to contemporary aesthetic preferences.

Simplified profiles of classical casings retain their proportions and overall character but lack excessive detailing. This approach allows using oak casings in interiors that can be described as 'modern classic' or 'neoclassic'.

The color solution for modern interpretations tends toward natural oak tones or the popular whitewashed and gray shades of recent years. Matte and semi-matte finishes are preferable to glossy ones, as they better match contemporary aesthetics and avoid inappropriate reflections.

Scandinavian motifs in the St. Petersburg context

The Scandinavian style has gained popularity in modern St. Petersburg interiors due to its philosophy of simplicity, functionality, and connection with nature. Oak casings in Scandinavian style are characterized by minimalist forms and natural color solutions.

Profiles for Scandinavian interiors are characterized by simplicity and clarity of lines. Rectangular cross-sections with slight bevels or rounded edges create a sense of handcrafted naturalness, highly valued in Scandinavian aesthetics.

The color palette tends toward light, natural oak tones or whitewashed wood. This solution creates a sense of spaciousness and light, which is especially important in the conditions of insufficient sunlight typical of the St. Petersburg climate.

Finishes for Scandinavian interiors are preferably matte, based on oil or wax. They highlight the natural texture of oak and create pleasant tactile sensations, which aligns with the Scandinavian philosophy of sensory comfort.

Economic aspects of choosing oak trim

Cost and pricing factors

The cost of oak casings in St. Petersburg is influenced by multiple factors, including the quality of raw material, processing complexity, batch volume, and seasonal demand. The St. Petersburg market traditionally has high quality requirements, which is reflected in the pricing policies of suppliers and manufacturers.

The base cost per linear meter of standard rectangular oak casing ranges from 1200 to 2000 rubles depending on width, thickness, and wood grade. Items made from select wood with minimal defects cost 20-30% more than standard grade.

Decorative profiles with ornamental elements increase cost 1.5-3 times compared to simple rectangular ones. Especially expensive are casings with hand-carved details or custom profiles made to order. Such items may cost from 3000 to 8000 rubles per linear meter.

Additional services such as tinting, patination, brushing, or other decorative treatments increase cost by 15-40% depending on work complexity. Urgent manufacturing of non-standard sizes or profiles also incurs additional costs of 20-50% of base price.

Long-term economic efficiency

Despite their high initial cost, oak casings represent a cost-effective long-term investment. Their service life is 30-50 years with minimal maintenance costs, making them economically efficient compared to cheaper alternatives when calculated on an annual basis.

Comparison with MDF casings shows oak's advantages in the long term. MDF items last 8-12 years, requiring full replacement afterward. Over a 30-year period, 2-3 replacements are needed, and when combined with demolition and installation work, total costs become comparable to purchasing oak casings.

High repairability of oak items ensures additional savings. Local damage can be easily remedied by sanding and repainting, and reapplying the coating extends service life by 7-10 years. Such multiple restoration capability is unavailable for items made from synthetic materials.

Impact on property value represents an important economic factor for the St. Petersburg market. Quality finishing with natural materials can increase apartment value by 5-12% depending on market segment and overall finishing level. For luxury properties, this figure may be even higher.

Ways to optimize costs

There are several ways to reduce costs for purchasing and installing oak casings without compromising quality. Buying wholesale batches for multiple projects allows a 10-20% discount off retail price. Pooling with neighbors or friends for joint purchase can significantly reduce expenses.

Seasonal planning of purchases also helps save money. During winter months, when construction activity decreases, many suppliers offer discounts of up to 15% to maintain sales volume. Planning repairs in advance allows taking advantage of such offers.

Choosing the optimal profile and dimensions can significantly affect the overall project cost. Simple rectangular profiles, when properly applied, look no less impressive than complex ornamental ones but cost 2-3 times less. A skilled designer will help select a solution that provides maximum aesthetic effect at reasonable costs.

Care and maintenance of oak moldings

Regular maintenance in St. Petersburg conditions

Climate-specific conditions in St. Petersburg impose certain requirements for maintaining oak casings. Higher humidity and urban dust necessitate more frequent cleaning compared to normal operating conditions.

Daily care involves removing dust with a soft dry cloth or anti-static wipe. In urban environments, dust may contain aggressive chemical compounds, so timely removal is critically important for preserving the protective coating.

Weekly wet cleaning is performed using a slightly damp cloth with special care products for natural wood. Ordinary household cleaning agents may contain aggressive components that damage the protective coating, so their use is not recommended.

Special attention should be paid to joints and connections, where moisture and dirt may accumulate. These areas require more thorough cleaning and monitoring. If signs of darkening or color change appear, measures must be taken to address the issue.

Seasonal maintenance and prevention

Seasonal changes in St. Petersburg involve significant shifts in temperature and humidity, requiring appropriate maintenance measures for oak door casings. The spring period is characterized by a sharp increase in humidity and requires special attention to the condition of the protective coating.

Spring inspection should identify all damage incurred during the heating season. Low air humidity in heated rooms may cause wood to dry out and develop small cracks. Such defects require immediate correction to prevent further development.

Autumn preparation includes thorough surface cleaning and assessment of the protective coating condition. If necessary, local renewal of worn areas or complete recoating is performed. This is especially important before the heating season begins, when air humidity drops sharply.

The winter period requires maintaining optimal indoor humidity. Using humidifiers helps prevent excessive drying of wood and cracking of the coating. Optimal relative humidity is 45-55%.

Restoration and restoration

Even with proper care, oak door casings may eventually require restorative repairs. Due to the properties of natural wood, most damage can be repaired without replacing the entire element.

Minor scratches and scuffs are removed by locally sanding the damaged area with P220-P320 grit sandpaper. After sanding, the surface is treated with an appropriate protective finish. When properly executed, such repairs are virtually invisible.

More serious damage, including chips and dents, is filled with wood-specific putty or wooden inserts. After drying and hardening, the damaged area is sanded and stained to match the overall color of the item.

Deep scratches and cuts may require partial replacement of the damaged section. Due to the modular design of most door casing systems, such replacement is possible without dismantling the entire structure. The new piece is made from the same material and finish.

FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions

Are oak door casings suitable for St. Petersburg's humid climate?

Oak door casings are ideal for St. Petersburg's climate. Natural tannins in oak wood provide protection against mold and fungi, while its dense structure minimizes moisture absorption. With proper treatment using protective finishes, casings can last decades without quality loss, even in high-humidity conditions.

What sizes of oak door casings are most popular in St. Petersburg?

For St. Petersburg interiors, the most popular door casings are 90-120 mm wide and 16-20 mm thick. These dimensions are optimal for most room types, considering ceiling heights and architectural proportions typical of the city. Standard plank lengths are 2500-2800 mm.

Can the color of oak door casings be changed after installation?

Color change is possible but requires complete removal of the old coating, sanding the surface, and applying a new stain followed by a protective layer. This work is best entrusted to professionals to achieve an even, high-quality result. The procedure is labor-intensive but technically feasible.

How long does it take to manufacture custom oak door casings?

Standard profiles are manufactured within 5-10 working days from the moment the order is received. Custom or complex shaped profiles may require up to 3 weeks. During peak demand (spring-summer), delivery times may increase, so it is best to place orders in advance.

Is special equipment required for installing oak door casings?

Installing oak door casings requires professional tools: a circular saw with a fine-toothed blade, a drill with quality bits, a pneumatic nail gun, and precise measuring instruments. The high hardness of oak makes it more difficult to work with, so it is recommended to entrust the work to experienced professionals.

What warranties are provided for oak door casings?

Quality manufacturers provide a 3-5 year warranty against material and manufacturing defects, provided the conditions of use are followed. The warranty covers deformations, cracking, and other defects related to wood quality or production process violations.

How long do quality oak door casings last?

When properly manufactured, installed, and maintained, oak door casings can last 40-60 years, preserving their functional and aesthetic qualities. This makes them one of the most economically efficient long-term solutions, despite their high initial cost.

Do oak door casings affect room sound insulation?

Properly installed oak door casings improve room sound insulation by sealing gaps between the door frame and wall. The dense structure of oak wood also contributes to additional sound wave absorption, which is especially noticeable with wider casings.

Can oak door casings be combined with doors made of other materials?

Oak door casings are versatile and complement doors made from various materials. They look especially harmonious with wooden and veneered doors, but can also successfully enhance metal, glass, and even plastic structures, creating interesting stylistic contrasts.

How to properly care for oak door casings during the heating season?

During the heating season, it is important to maintain humidity